Nursing Blog

Ventricular septum defect (VSD) is a type of inherited disorders of non-sianotik. The disorder is caused by a defect / hole located in the septum / ventricular septum. Depending on location, this hole is located on the membrane of the septum, in the muscular septum or the septum near the aorta or pulmonary artery. During ventricular contraction, or systole, some of the blood from the left ventricle leaks into the right ventricle, passes through the lungs and reenters the left ventricle via the pulmonary veins and left atrium. This has two net effects. First, the circuitous refluxing of blood causes volume overload on the left ventricle. Second, because the left ventricle normally has a much higher systolic pressure (~120 mm Hg) than the right ventricle (~20 mm Hg), the leakage of blood into the right ventricle therefore elevates right ventricular pressure and volume, causing pulmonary hypertension with its associated symptoms. In serious cases, the pulmonary arterial pressure can reach

Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach, and has many possible causes. The main acute causes are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Sometimes gastritis develops after major surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections. Gastritis may also occur in those who have had weight loss surgery resulting in the banding or reconstruction of the digestive tract. Chronic causes are infection with bacteria, primarily Helicobacter pylori, chronic bile reflux, stress and certain autoimmune disorders can cause gastritis as well. The most common symptom is abdominal upset or pain. Other symptoms are indigestion, abdominal bloating, nausea, and vomiting and pernicious anemia. Some may have a feeling of fullness or burning in the upper abdomen. A gastroscopy, blood test, complete blood count test, or a stool test may be used to diagnose gastritis. Treatment includes taking

Treatment of gastritis depends on the cause of the problem. Some cases of gastritis may resolve by themselves over time, or be relieved when you stop drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, or taking NSAIDs. You may need to change your diet, although doctors now know that a bland diet isn' t required. If your gastritis is due to H. pylori infection, you will be given antibiotics. Lifestyle The treatment for gastritis that is caused by irritants is to stop using them. These include: Alcohol Tobacco Acidic beverages such as coffee (both caffeinated and decaffeinated), carbonated beverages, and fruit juices with citric acid NSAIDS, such as aspirin and ibuprofen -- switch to other pain relievers (like acetaminophen) These steps may also help: Eat a fiber-rich diet. Foods containing flavonoids, like apples, celery, cranberries (including cranberry juice), onions, garlic, and tea may stop the growth of H. pylori. Avoid high-fat foods. In animal studies, high-fat foods increase inflammatio

Gastritis Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. Many things can cause gastritis. Most often the cause is infection with the same bacteria -- Helicobacter pylori -- that causes stomach ulcers. An autoimmune disorder, a backup of bile into the stomach, or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can also cause gastritis. In some cases, the stomach lining may be "eaten away," leading to sores (peptic ulcers) in the stomach or first part of the small intestine. Gastritis can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually (chronic gastritis). In most cases, gastritis does not permanently damage the stomach lining. Gastritis Nursing Diagnosis Acute Pain related to inflammation of gastric mucosa Goal: Pain can be reduced / lost. Criteria Results: Pain is gone / controlled, looked relaxed and able to sleep / rest, pain scale indicates the number 0. Gastritis Nursing Intervention : Assess the pain scale and location of pain, observ