Nursing Blog

When rapid venous infusion is difficult or impossible, intraosseous infusion allows delivery of fluids, medications, or whole blood into the bone marrow. Performed on infants and children, this technique is used in such emergencies as cardiopulmonary arrest, circulatory collapse, hypokalemia from traumatic injury or dehydration, status epilepticus, status asthmaticus, burns, near-drowning, and overwhelming sepsis. Any drug that can be given I.V. can be given by intraosseous infusion with comparable absorption and effectiveness. Intraosseous infusion has been used as an acceptable alternative for infants and children. Intraosseous infusion is commonly undertaken at the anterior surface of the tibia. Alternative sites include the iliac crest, spinous process and, rarely, the upper anterior portion of the sternum. Only personnel trained in this procedure should perform it. Usually, a nurse assists. (See Understanding intraosseous infusion.) This procedure is contraindicated in patients wi

Two Step Step 1 - Amount of fluid divided by hours to administer = ml/hr Step 2 - ml/hr x gtts/ml(IV set) 60 min = gtts/min One Step amount of fluid x drops/milliliter (IV set) hours to administer x minutes/hour (60) Example: 1000 ml over 8 hrs IV set = 15 gtts/ml Two Step Step 1 - 1000 8 = 125 Step 2 - 125 x 15 60 = 31.25 (31 gtts/min) One Step 1000 x 15 8 hrs x 60 = 15,000 480 = 31.25 (31gtts/min)

mg/min (For example - Lidocaine, Pronestyl) Solution cc x 60 min/hr x mg/min Drug mg = cc/hr Drug mg x cc/hr Solution cc x 60 min/hr = mg/hr Rule of Thumb Lidocaine, Pronestyl 2 gms/250 cc D 5 W 1 mg = 7 cc/hr 2 mg = 15 cc/hr 3 mg = 22 cc/hr 4 mg = 30 cc/hr mcg/min (For example - Nitroglycerin) Solution cc x 60 min/hr x mcg/min Drug mcg = cc/hr Drug mcg x cc/hr Solution cc x 60 min/hr = mcg/hr Rule of Thumb NTG 100 mg/250 cc 1 cc/hr = 6.6 mcg/min NTG 50 mg/250 cc 1 cc/hr = 3.3 mcg/min mcg/kg/min (For example - Dopamine, Dobutamine, Nipride, etc.) To calculate cc/hr (gtts/min) Solution cc Drug mcg x 60 min/hr x kg x mcg/kg/min = cc/hr Example: Dopamine 400 mg/250 cc D 5 W to start at 5 mcg/kg/min. Patient’s weight is 190 lbs. 250 cc 400,000 mcg x 60 min x 86.4 x 5 mcg/kg/min = 16.2 cc/hr To calculate mcg/kg/min Drug mcg/ x cc/hr Solution cc x 60 min/hr x kg = mcg/kg/min Example: Nipride 100 mg/250 cc D 5 W was ordered to decrease your patient’s blood pressure. The patient’s weight is 14

Nursing is a profession which is prominent across the world. When society changes, nursing also changes. Nurses possess a skill unlike other professionals; nurses must master more information than ever before available about human health and disease. Not only do nurses have to be intelligent but they also must be good leaders and team members, as well. Nurses must learn to think in a variety of different ways. Critical and creative thinking is often necessary and communication skills must be optimal. A successful nurse must also grapple with practical, ethical, and legal dilemmas. All of the above qualities make what it takes to be a reputable nurse, who can execute the nursing process effectively (Chitty 1). Nursing is “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations” (ANA

There are many Advantages of Using Nursing Process The nursing process provides an organizing framework for meeting the individual needs of the client, the client’s family/significant other(s), and the community. The steps of the nursing process focus the nurse’s attention on the “individual” human responses of a client/group to a given health situation, resulting in a holistic plan of care addressing the specific needs of the client/group. The nursing process provides an organized, systematic method of problem-solving (while still allowing for creative solutions) that may minimize dangerous errors or omissions in caregiving and avoid time-consuming repetition in care and documentation. The use of the nursing process promotes the active involvement of clients in their healthcare, enhancing consumer satisfaction. Such participation increases clients’ sense of control over what is happening to them, stimulates problem-solving, and promotes personal responsibility, all of which strengthen

Definition: Vague uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an autonomic response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual); a feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with threat. RELATED FACTORS Unconscious conflict about essential [beliefs]/goals and values of life Situational/maturational crises Stress Familial association/heredity Interpersonal transmission/contagion Threat to self-concept [perceived or actual]; [unconscious conflict] Threat of death [perceived or actual] Threat to or change in health status [progressive/debilitating disease, terminal illness], interaction patterns, role function/status, environment [safety], economic status Unmet needs Exposure to toxins Substance abuse [Positive or negative self-talk] [Physiological factors, such as hyperthyroidism, pulmonary embolism, dysrhythmias, pheochromocytoma, drug thera

Risk for Imbalanced Body Temperature Taxonomy II: Safety/Protection—Class 6 Thermoregulation (00005) [Diagnostic division: Safety] Submitted 1986; Revised 2000 Definition: At risk for failure to maintain body temperature within normal range Risk Factors Extremes of age, weight Exposure to cold/cool or warm/hot environments Dehydration Inactivity or vigorous activity Medications causing vasoconstriction/vasodilation, altered metabolic rate, sedation, [use or overdose of certain drugs or exposure to anesthesia] Inappropriate clothing for environmental temperature Illness or trauma affecting temperature regulation [e.g., infections, systemic or localized; neoplasms, tumors; collagen/ vascular disease] NOTE: A risk diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms, as the problem has not occurred and nursing interventions are directed at prevention. Desired Outcomes/Evaluation Criteria—Client Will: Maintain body temperature within normal range. Verbalize

The scientific method of problem-solving introduced in the previous section is used almost instinctively by most people, without conscious awareness. FOR EXAMPLE While studying for your semester finals, you snack on pepperoni pizza. After going to bed, you are awakened by a burning sensation in the center of your chest.You are young and in good health and note no other symptoms (assessment).You decide that your pain is the result of the spicy food you have eaten (diagnosis).You then determine that before you can return to sleep, you first need to relieve the discomfort with an over-the-counter preparation (planning).You take a liquid antacid for your discomfort(implementation).Within a few minutes, you note the burning sensation is relieved, and you return to bedwithout further concern (evaluation). As you see, this is a process you routinely use to solve problems in your life that can be readily applied to client-care situations. You need only to learn the new terms describing the nur

Definition: Inability to clear secretions or obstructions from the respiratory tract to maintaina clear airway RELATED FACTORS Environmental Smoking; secondhand smoke; smoke inhalation Obstructed airway Retained secretions; secretions in the bronchi; exudate in the alveoli; excessive mucus; airway spasm; foreign body in airway; presence of artificial airway Physiological Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); asthma; allergic airways; hyperplasia of the bronchial walls Neuromuscular dysfunction Infection DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS Subjective Dyspnea Objective Diminished/adventitious breath sounds [rales, crackles, rhonchi, wheezes] Cough, ineffective/absent; excessive sputum Changes in respiratory rate and rhythm Difficulty vocalizing Wide-eyed; restlessness Orthopnea Cyanosis Sample Clinical Applications: COPD, pneumonia, influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cancer of lung/head and neck, congestive heart failure (CHF), cystic fibrosis, neuromuscular diseases, in

Preparation of a surgical bed allows easy transfer of patients from surgery and the promotion of cleanliness and comfort. To make such a bed, take the following steps: Assemble machine as you would to make a bed unoccupied, including two clean sheets (one is provided, if available), a drawsheet, blanket, bathroom, carpet, or the spread sheet, one pillowcase , handkerchiefs, a trash bag, and linen saver. Raise the bed to a comfortable working height to avoid back pain. Slide the pad into a clean pillowcase and place it on a table or chair nearby. Make the Foundation of the bed using the bottom sheet and drawsheet. Place a blanket bath open 15A € ³ (38 cm) of the head of the bed, both with its center positioned in the middle of the bed. Cover warms the patient and prevents the body temperature drop caused by anesthesia. Place a top sheet or spread on the cover of Bath, and position it as you did the cover. Then fold the cover and back of the sheet up so that the cover shows on the sheet.

List of NANDA Nursing diagnosis Accepted for Use and Research Divided into 13 domains and 47 classes, below the full list of 13 Domains and 47 classes NANDA Nursing diagnosis . And complete list of NANDA Nursing diagnosis based on alphabetical order. Domains Health Promotions Health awareness Health management Domains nutrition’s ingestion digestion Absorption Metabolism Hydration Domains Elimination/exchange Urinary System Gastrointestinal System Integumentary system Pulmonary System Domains Activity/Rest Sleep/Rest Activity /Exercise Energy Balance Cardiovascular-pulmonary Responses Self-Care Domains Perception/Cognition Attention Orientation Sensation/Perception Cognition Communication Domains Self Perception Self-Concept Self-Esteem Body Image Domains Role Relationship Caregiving Roles Family Relationship Role Performance Domains Sexuality Sexual Identity Sexual Function Reproduction Domains Coping/Stress Tolerance Post-Trauma Responses Coping Responses Neuro-behavioral Stress Do