Nursing Blog

Brain tumors include all tumors inside the skull or in the central spinal canal. They are created by an abnormal and Uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the brain Itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, myelin-producing Schwann cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nervous, in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland, or spread from cancers primarily located in other organs (metastatic tumors). Impaired Gas Exchange related to neuromuscular dysfunction (loss of control of respiratory muscles) Characterized by: changes in depth of breath, dyspnea, airway obstruction, aspiration. Goal : Impaired gas exchange can be resolved Nursing Intervention for Brain Tumor Clear the airway Monitor vital signs Monitor the breathing pattern, breath sounds Monitor blood gases penururnan Blood gas analysis Collaboration Oxygenation Nursing Diagnosis for Brain Tumor Acute Pain : the head related to increased intra-

Meningitis Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges) Signs of meningitis as follows: fever headache stiff neck photophobia and vomiting confused (possible) Assessment – Emergency Nursing Care Plan Meningitis Always use the ABCDE approach to assessment Airway Make sure the airway clearance Prepare tools to facilitate the airway if necessary If there is a decrease in respiratory function immediately contact an anesthesiologist and treated in the ICU Breathing Assess respiratory rate – less than 8 or over 30 is a significant sign. Assess oxygen saturation Perform blood gas Give oxygen via non re-breath mask Chest auscultation Make checks thoracic photo Circulation Assess heart rate – more than 100 or less than 40 x / min is a significant sign Monitoring blood pressure Check the capillary refill time Attach infusion using a large cannula Attach Catheterization Check the lab for complete blood, urine, electrolyte Perform blood culture

Hypertension Degree of Severity Stage I (mild) – 140/90 to 159/99 mm Hg Stage II (moderate) – 160/100 mm Hg or greater Stage II (severe) – systolc pressure greater than 180 and diastolic pressure greater than 110 Stage IV (very severe) – systolic pressure greater than 210 or greater with diastolic pressure greater than 120 Etiology Primary (essential), which accounts for approximately 85% to 95% of all cases, has no identifiable cause Secondary, which occurs as a result of an identifiable, sometimes correctable,pathological condition, such as kidney disorders, adrenal gland tumors, or primary aldosteronism, medications, drugs, or other chemicals Statistics (NHLBI, 2006; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], CDC, 2006b; 2007a) a. Morbidity: 72 million Americans are hypertensive (nearly 1 in 3). i. 23% of adults aged 20 to 75 are hypertensive. ii. 70% of adults over age 75 are hypertensive. iii. Approximately 20% are undiagnosed. iv. Prevalence: African Americans 32%, whites