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Showing posts from January, 2015

7 Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumonia

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Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. Many germs, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. You can also get pneumonia by inhaling a liquid or chemical. People most at risk are older than 65 or younger than 2 years of age, or already have health problems. Symptoms of Pneumonia Typical symptoms are cough, fever, sweats, shivers, being off your food and feeling generally unwell. Headaches and aches and pains are common. You usually make more sputum. This may become yellow/green coloured and is sometimes bloodstained. You may become breathless, breathe fast and develop a tight chest. A sharp pain in the side of the chest may develop if the infection involves the pleura. (This is the membrane between the lung and the chest wall.) A doctor may hear crackles in the chest when listening with a stethoscope. The following people have a higher risk of developing pneumonia: babies and very young children elderly people people who smoke people with other health co

Low Birth Weight Prevention and Treatment

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Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a birth weight of a liveborn infant of less than 2,500 g (5 pounds 8 ounces) regardless of gestational age. Subcategories include very low birth weight (VLBW) which is less than 1500 g (3 pounds 5 ounces), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) which is less than 1000 g (2 pounds 3 ounces). Normal Weight at term delivery is 2500 g - 4200 g (5 pounds 8 ounces - 9 pounds 4 ounces). Preventing a Low Birth Weight Baby There are many things an expectant mother can do to help reduce the chances of delivering a baby with low birth weight. The most important thing any mother can do is to see her health care provider on a regular basis. Regular check-ups can ensure that both mother and baby are healthy, growing, and developing properly. The health care provider can also help the expectant mother to manage any illnesses, conditions, or mental health issues she may have while she is pregnant. Folic acid plays a major role when preventing any type of birth defec

Nursing Interventions for Low Birth Weight Babies

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Definition Low Birth Weight “as one whose birth weight is less than 2500gm irrespective of the gestational age”. Very low birth infants weight 1500gm or less and Extremely-low birth infant weight 1000gm or less. 1. Altered breathing pattern dyspnea related to poor lung maturity secondary to respiratory distress. Baby should be positioned with neck slightly extended. Tackling stimulation by sole flaring can be provided to stimulate respiratory effort Do gentle suctioning to remove the secretion, Concentration of oxygen to be maintained to have saO2 between 90 and 95% and paO2 between 60 and 80 mm of Hg. Baby’s respiration rate, rhythm, signs of distress, chest retraction, nasal flaring, apnea, cyanosis, oxygen, saturation, etc. to be monitored at frequent interval. Chest physiotherapy by percussion, vibration and postural drainage may be needed to loosen and remove respiratory secretion. 2. Altered body temperature hypothermia related to immature thermoregulation centre secondary to

Pathophysiology of Bowel Obstruction

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All events that occur after the pathophysiology of bowel obstruction. The main pathophysiological changes in bowel obstruction is the intestinal lumen is clogged, it became a place of bacterial growth resulting in the accumulation of gases and liquids (70% of the gas that is ingested). Gas and fluid accumulation can occur in the proximal or distal intestine. When accumulation occurs in the distal region resulted in an increase in intra-abdominal pressure and intra lumen. This can increase the occurrence of increased capillary permeability and extravasation of water and electrolytes in the peritoneal. is the same, regardless of whether the obstruction is caused by mechanical or non-mechanical causes. The main difference is the paralytic obstruction inhibited peristalsis from the beginning, whereas the mechanical obstruction peristaltic first amplified, then intermittent, and eventually disappear. Approximately 6-8 liters of fluid excreted into the gastrointestinal tract every day. Most

Nursing Care Plan for Altered Peripheral Tissue Perfusion r/t Heart Failure

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Nursing Care Plan for Heart Failure  Nursing Diagnosis : Altered Peripheral Tissue Perfusio Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a term used by cardiologists to describe a patient whose heart does not pump enough blood out to the rest of the body to meet the body's demand for energy. This can be due to either a heart that pumps well but is very insufficient (due to a structural problem), or it can be a result of a weak heart muscle that does not pump a normal amount of blood to the body. Either situation will lead to backup of blood and fluid into the lungs if the left side of the heart is the problem or backup of blood and fluid into the liver and veins leading into the heart if the right side of the heart is problem. It is not uncommon for both sides of the heart to fail at the same time and cause backup into both systems simultaneously. Nursing Diagnosis : Altered Peripheral Tissue Perfusion related to decreased blood flow in the peripheral area secondary to decreased cardiac outp