Pathophysiology of Appendicitis
Pathophysiology of Appendicitis
When the appendix is blocked, intraluminal pressure increases, causing decreased venous drainage, thrombosis, edema, and bacterial invasion of the intestinal wall. If the obstruction continues, the appendix becomes more hyperemic and warm and covered with exudate which so became gangrenous and perforated. (Esther Monika, 2002: 63).
Blockage of the lumen by a foreign object will cause swelling of lymphoid tissue. Secretion will continue, resulting in appendix become stretched causing hypoxia resulting in tissue death, gangrene perforation.
In addition to the lumen obstruction by a foreign object, resulting in swelling of mucous secretions expenditure. Infection and swelling of intra-luminal pressures usually lead to necrosis, gangrene and perforation. In a classic case appendiksitis acute onset of symptoms is sick or not feeling comfortable around the umbilicus followed by anorexia, nausea and vomiting. These symptoms usually last 1-2 days.
Within hours the pain shifts to the lower quadrant and may have muscle spasm and pain free. Usually found in low-grade fever and moderate leukocytosis.
The main cause of appendicitis is obstruction or blockage that can be caused by:
When the appendix is blocked, intraluminal pressure increases, causing decreased venous drainage, thrombosis, edema, and bacterial invasion of the intestinal wall. If the obstruction continues, the appendix becomes more hyperemic and warm and covered with exudate which so became gangrenous and perforated. (Esther Monika, 2002: 63).
Blockage of the lumen by a foreign object will cause swelling of lymphoid tissue. Secretion will continue, resulting in appendix become stretched causing hypoxia resulting in tissue death, gangrene perforation.
In addition to the lumen obstruction by a foreign object, resulting in swelling of mucous secretions expenditure. Infection and swelling of intra-luminal pressures usually lead to necrosis, gangrene and perforation. In a classic case appendiksitis acute onset of symptoms is sick or not feeling comfortable around the umbilicus followed by anorexia, nausea and vomiting. These symptoms usually last 1-2 days.
Within hours the pain shifts to the lower quadrant and may have muscle spasm and pain free. Usually found in low-grade fever and moderate leukocytosis.
The main cause of appendicitis is obstruction or blockage that can be caused by:
- Hyperplasia from fecalith lymphoid, is the most common cause
- Fecalith existence, in the appendix lumen
- The presence of foreign objects such as worms
- Stricture due to fibrosis due to previous inflammation
- Other reasons, such as malignancy (carcinoma, carcinoid)
