Pathophysiology of Anemia
Pathophysiology of Anemia
Anemia may reflect the presence of marrow failure or loss of red blood cells or both. Marrow failure (reduced erotropoesis) can occur due to nutritional deficiencies, toxic exposure, tumor invasion, but mostly due to unknown causes.
Red blood cells can be lost through hemorrhage or hemolysis (destruction) that can be caused by a defect of red blood cells that do not correspond with the resistance of normal red blood cells. Red blood cell lysis (dissolution) occurs mainly in phagocytic cells (reticuloendothelial) in the liver and spleen. This process produces bilirubin which will enter the bloodstream. The increase in red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) is reflected by an increase in plasma bilirubin.
If the destruction of red blood cells in circulation as the hemoglobin in hemolytic disorders will emerge through the plasma (hemoglobinemia). If the plasma concentration exceeds the capacity of plasma haptoglobin (hemoglobin binding protein-free) to tie it all, will diffuse hemoglobin in the renal glomerulus and into the urine.
Effective number of red blood cells is reduced (anemia), reduced hemoglobin to transport oxygen to tissues and can be dropped on all organ systems. The sudden loss of red blood like the bleeding can cause symptoms of hypovolemia and hypoxemia such as anxiety, diaphoresis, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and can progress rapidly to circulatory collapse (shock).
The reduced blood volume, decreased hemoglobin and vasoconstriction to maximize the delivery of oxygen to the organs can cause marks on the skin that is pale skin and mucous membranes, jaundice, skin and dry hair. On the heart and lungs can occur tachycardia and a heart murmur due to the workload of the heart and increase cardiac output. Angina, congestive heart failure because the heart muscle can not adapt due to increased cardiac work. Dyspnea, shortness of breath and tired due to reduced oxygen delivery. On the neurological system can occur headache, dizziness, fainting, and tinnitus due to reduced oxygen in the central nervous system. In the gastrointestinal system may cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia.
Pathophysiology of Anemia
Anemia may reflect the presence of marrow failure or loss of red blood cells or both. Marrow failure (reduced erotropoesis) can occur due to nutritional deficiencies, toxic exposure, tumor invasion, but mostly due to unknown causes.
Red blood cells can be lost through hemorrhage or hemolysis (destruction) that can be caused by a defect of red blood cells that do not correspond with the resistance of normal red blood cells. Red blood cell lysis (dissolution) occurs mainly in phagocytic cells (reticuloendothelial) in the liver and spleen. This process produces bilirubin which will enter the bloodstream. The increase in red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) is reflected by an increase in plasma bilirubin.
If the destruction of red blood cells in circulation as the hemoglobin in hemolytic disorders will emerge through the plasma (hemoglobinemia). If the plasma concentration exceeds the capacity of plasma haptoglobin (hemoglobin binding protein-free) to tie it all, will diffuse hemoglobin in the renal glomerulus and into the urine.
Effective number of red blood cells is reduced (anemia), reduced hemoglobin to transport oxygen to tissues and can be dropped on all organ systems. The sudden loss of red blood like the bleeding can cause symptoms of hypovolemia and hypoxemia such as anxiety, diaphoresis, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and can progress rapidly to circulatory collapse (shock).
The reduced blood volume, decreased hemoglobin and vasoconstriction to maximize the delivery of oxygen to the organs can cause marks on the skin that is pale skin and mucous membranes, jaundice, skin and dry hair. On the heart and lungs can occur tachycardia and a heart murmur due to the workload of the heart and increase cardiac output. Angina, congestive heart failure because the heart muscle can not adapt due to increased cardiac work. Dyspnea, shortness of breath and tired due to reduced oxygen delivery. On the neurological system can occur headache, dizziness, fainting, and tinnitus due to reduced oxygen in the central nervous system. In the gastrointestinal system may cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia.
Pathophysiology of Anemia
