Clinical Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction

Clinical Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction

Pain
  1. Chest pain that occurs suddenly and constantly not subside, usually above the sternal region and upper abdomen, this is the main symptom.
  2. The severity of pain can increase settled until unbearable pain.
  3. Pain is very ill, such as punctured-pin that can spread to the shoulder and continued down to the arm (usually the left arm).
  4. The pain started spontaneously (not occur after activity or emotional disturbance), persist for several hours or days, and do not disappear with the help of rest or nitroglycerin (NTG).
  5. Pain may spread to the jaw and neck.
  6. Pain is often accompanied by shortness of breath, pale, cold, severe diaphoresis, dizziness or head was floating, and nausea and vomiting.
  7. Patients with diabetes mellitus will not experience severe pain because of neuropathy that accompany diabetes can interfere neuroreseptor (collect the experience of pain).

Laboratory examination Examination of cardiac enzymes :
  1. CPK-MB/CPK
    Isoenzymes found in heart muscle increased by between 4-6 hours, peaks in 12-24 hours, returned to normal within 36-48 hours.
  2. LDH / HBDH
    Increases in the 12-24 hour time-consuming dams to return to normal
  3. AST
    Increases (less real / special) occurred within 6-12 hours, culminating in 24 hours, returning to normal within 3 or 4 days


ECG ECG changes that occur in the early phase of T wave height and symmetrical. After this there is ST segment elevation. Changes that occur later are the presence of a wave of Q / QS which indicate the presence of necrosis.


Pain scores according to White:

  1. = Do not experience pain
  2. = Pain on one side without disturbing activities
  3. = More pain at one place and resulted in disruption of activities, such as difficulty getting out of bed, hard to bend the head and others.

Popular posts from this blog

Administering a Metered Dose Inhaler (self administration)

Medical Equipments: Medication Administration Record (MAR) Medication with Dropper Emesis Basin (optional) Non-sterile Gloves Tissue Nursing Actions: Check the allergies that patient may have Determine the written order on MAR Wash hands Check patient’s identification armband Explain the procedures to the patient and provide privacy Ask patient to blow nose unless contraindicated Inform the patient that he/she may feel a burning sensation to the mucosa or a choking sensation, or both, as the drop trickles back into the throat Place patient in a supine position and hyperextend the neck and position the head to the site that facilitates the drop reaching the expected site Instruct the patient to breathe through mouth Squeeze medications into the dropper Insert the nasal drops about 3/8 inch into nostril and keep the tip of the dropper away from the sides of the nares. Instill the medication as prescribed and observe for signs and discomforts Ask the patient to maintain supine position fo
Read more

Nursing School Rankings

by: Milos Pesic The US News & World Report and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Report on Research Funding conduct nursing school rankings to measure the status of quality of different nursing schools nationwide. Various factors affect how nursing school rankings are determined but it all serves the purpose of providing more information to anyone in search of a nursing school. As you evaluate different leaning institutions for your nursing education, nursing school rankings should supplement your own research. First, determine which specific nursing program you wish to enter and then based on that look at nursing schools in your chosen location that offer that specific program. You can use nursing school rankings to find out the areas of strength of a particular school and if it matches your interest and needs. In general, organizations determine nursing school rankings by gathering data through surveys that are prepared by professors and other scholars. Survey respondents c
Read more

10 Beneficial Foods for Maintaining Healthy Skin and Prevent Wrinkles

Image
Tight skin is the dream of all people, especially women. In addition to routine maintenance, you also need a balanced diet to have healthy skin. To prevent skin wrinkles, some foods are very beneficial when consumed. Most anti - wrinkle foods rich in antioxidants, which neutralize the effects of free radicals that attack collagen and elasticity of skin tissue. Some of these habits can be anti- wrinkling skin : Drink 4-6 glasses of water every day, wearing sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen when in the sun, and of course do not smoke. Here are some foods that are beneficial for maintaining healthy skin, especially the skin to prevent wrinkles : 1. Blueberries Blueberries and other berries contain powerful antioxidants called polyphenols. Eat one serving or 1/2 cup every day, if possible choose organic berries. 2. Salmon Salmon and other cold water fish rich in omega - 3 fatty acids, which delays wrinkles by preventing inflammation and as a skin lubricant. Eat about 3 - ounce fish this typ
Read more