Nephrotic Syndrome Nursing Care Plan
Nursing Care Plan for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome is a disorder in the human body, wherein large amount of protein leaks from the blood into the urine, due to damaged kidneys. This spill eventually leads to depletion of protein levels in the body, an increase in the levels of lipid and causes edema (swelling of body parts due to excessive accumulation of watery fluid). Although, it can occur at any age, children between the age group of 18 months to 4 years are at a higher risk.
Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is caused due to the damage to the tiny blood vessels present in the kidney, that are designed to filter waste and excess water from the blood. This condition may arise due to various factors like diseases affecting other parts of the body, such as diabetes and mellitus. A person suffering from glomerulonephritis can also experience Nephrotic syndrome. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are harmful for the kidneys, can also lead to this disorder. It is also caused due to allergic reactions stimulated by some insect bites. Nephrotic syndrome can also be a hereditary disorder, though, the chances are very small.
Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome
The symptoms of this disorder vary from person to person, but the most common symptoms include :
Edema: Bloating or swelling of the body due to accumulation of water in excessive amounts. It is experienced by 95% of the patients suffering from this disorder. The swelling may be noticed in the face, feet, hands, abdomen etc.
Hematuria: A condition wherein the patient may loose blood while passing urine.
Oliguria: The quantity of urine a person passes, decreases substantially when he is suffering from this syndrome.
Pleural effusion: The person experiences difficulty in breathing, due to the accumulation of water in the space surrounding the lungs.
High-blood pressure: An individual suffering from this disorder experiences high blood pressure regardless of his age.
Other than these symptoms the patient experiences anorexia or loss of appetite, fatigue and the patient appears pale.
Nursing Care Plan for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Assessment for Nephrotic Syndrome
Perform physical examination including assessment of the extent of edema.
Get your medical history carefully, particularly those associated with weight gain this time, renal dysfunction.
Observation of the manifestation of nephrotic syndrome :
Weight gain
Edema
Face puffy :
Especially around the eyes
Arising in the morning when you wake up
Reduced daytime
Swelling of the abdomen (ascites)
Difficulty breathing (pleural effusion)
Swelling labial (scrotal)
Intestinal mucosal edema that causes :
Diarrhea
Anorexia
Intestinal absorption of poorly
Pale skin extreme (often)
Be sensitive excitatory
Easily tired
Lethargy
Blood pressure is normal or slightly decreased
Susceptibility to infection
Change the urine :
Decrease the volume
Dark
Smelly fruit
Help with diagnostic and testing procedures, such as urine analysis will be a protein, cylinders and red blood cells; analysis of blood for serum proteins (total, ratio of albumin / globulin, cholesterol), the number of red blood, serum sodium.
Nursing Diagnosis for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Interventions for Nephrotic Syndrome
Assessment and Document the location and character of the patient’s edema.
Measure blood pressure with the patient lying down and standing. Immediately report a decrease in systolic or diastolic pressure exceeding 20 mm Hg.
If the patients receive a renal biopsy, watch for bleeding and signs of shock.
Monitor intake and output and weigh the patient each morning after he voids and before he eats. Make sure he’s wearing the same amount of clothing each time you weigh him.
Ask the dietitian to plan a low-sodium diet with moderate amounts of protein.
Frequently check urine for protein.
Monitor plasma albumin and transferrin concentrations to evaluate overall nutritional status.
Provide meticulous skin care to combat the edema that usually occurs with nephrotic syndrome.
Use a reduced-pressure mattress or padding to help prevent pressure ulcers.
To prevent the occurrence of thrombophlebitis, encourage activity and exercise, and provide antiembolism stockings as ordered.
Give the patient and family reassurance and support, especially during the acute phase, when edema is severe and the patient’s body image changes.
Nephrotic Syndrome is a disorder in the human body, wherein large amount of protein leaks from the blood into the urine, due to damaged kidneys. This spill eventually leads to depletion of protein levels in the body, an increase in the levels of lipid and causes edema (swelling of body parts due to excessive accumulation of watery fluid). Although, it can occur at any age, children between the age group of 18 months to 4 years are at a higher risk.
Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is caused due to the damage to the tiny blood vessels present in the kidney, that are designed to filter waste and excess water from the blood. This condition may arise due to various factors like diseases affecting other parts of the body, such as diabetes and mellitus. A person suffering from glomerulonephritis can also experience Nephrotic syndrome. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are harmful for the kidneys, can also lead to this disorder. It is also caused due to allergic reactions stimulated by some insect bites. Nephrotic syndrome can also be a hereditary disorder, though, the chances are very small.
Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome
The symptoms of this disorder vary from person to person, but the most common symptoms include :
Edema: Bloating or swelling of the body due to accumulation of water in excessive amounts. It is experienced by 95% of the patients suffering from this disorder. The swelling may be noticed in the face, feet, hands, abdomen etc.
Hematuria: A condition wherein the patient may loose blood while passing urine.
Oliguria: The quantity of urine a person passes, decreases substantially when he is suffering from this syndrome.
Pleural effusion: The person experiences difficulty in breathing, due to the accumulation of water in the space surrounding the lungs.
High-blood pressure: An individual suffering from this disorder experiences high blood pressure regardless of his age.
Other than these symptoms the patient experiences anorexia or loss of appetite, fatigue and the patient appears pale.
Nursing Care Plan for Nephrotic Syndrome
Nursing Assessment for Nephrotic Syndrome
Perform physical examination including assessment of the extent of edema.
Get your medical history carefully, particularly those associated with weight gain this time, renal dysfunction.
Observation of the manifestation of nephrotic syndrome :
Weight gain
Edema
Face puffy :
Especially around the eyes
Arising in the morning when you wake up
Reduced daytime
Swelling of the abdomen (ascites)
Difficulty breathing (pleural effusion)
Swelling labial (scrotal)
Intestinal mucosal edema that causes :
Diarrhea
Anorexia
Intestinal absorption of poorly
Pale skin extreme (often)
Be sensitive excitatory
Easily tired
Lethargy
Blood pressure is normal or slightly decreased
Susceptibility to infection
Change the urine :
Decrease the volume
Dark
Smelly fruit
Help with diagnostic and testing procedures, such as urine analysis will be a protein, cylinders and red blood cells; analysis of blood for serum proteins (total, ratio of albumin / globulin, cholesterol), the number of red blood, serum sodium.
Nursing Diagnosis for Nephrotic Syndrome
- Ineffective tissue perfusion: Renal
- Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume
- Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
- Disturbed body image
- Excess fluid volume
- Risk for injury
- Risk for Infection
Nursing Interventions for Nephrotic Syndrome
Assessment and Document the location and character of the patient’s edema.
Measure blood pressure with the patient lying down and standing. Immediately report a decrease in systolic or diastolic pressure exceeding 20 mm Hg.
If the patients receive a renal biopsy, watch for bleeding and signs of shock.
Monitor intake and output and weigh the patient each morning after he voids and before he eats. Make sure he’s wearing the same amount of clothing each time you weigh him.
Ask the dietitian to plan a low-sodium diet with moderate amounts of protein.
Frequently check urine for protein.
Monitor plasma albumin and transferrin concentrations to evaluate overall nutritional status.
Provide meticulous skin care to combat the edema that usually occurs with nephrotic syndrome.
Use a reduced-pressure mattress or padding to help prevent pressure ulcers.
To prevent the occurrence of thrombophlebitis, encourage activity and exercise, and provide antiembolism stockings as ordered.
Give the patient and family reassurance and support, especially during the acute phase, when edema is severe and the patient’s body image changes.
