10 Factors Affecting the Human Body Temperature
Examination of the body temperature will signal that the core temperature is strictly controlled because it can be affected by chemical reactions.
Examination of body temperature can be done in several places, namely:
- Armpits (axila).
- Mouth.
- Anus.
Normally, when the body temperature ranges between 36.5 to 37.5 ° C.
Febrile / pyrexia / summer, when the body temperature above 37.5 to 40 ° C.
Hyperthermia, when the body temperature of over 40 ° C.
Factors that affect the temperature of the human body can be described as follows:
1. Basal Metabolism Speed
Basal metabolic rate of each individual is different. It affects the amount of heat produced by the body becomes different. As mentioned in the previous description, is strongly associated with metabolic rate.
2. Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation
Sympathetic nerve stimulation can cause the metabolic rate to 100% faster. In addition, stimulation of the sympathetic nerves can prevent brown fat accumulated in the tissue to be metabolized. Almost all brown fat metabolism is the production of heat. Generally, this sympathetic nerve stimulation affected individual stress which causes increased production of epinephrine and norepineprin that increase metabolism.
3. Growth Hormone
Growth hormone can lead to increased metabolic rate by 15-20%. As a result, the body heat production also increased.
4. Thyroid Hormone
Thyroxine function is to increase the activity of almost all chemical reactions in the body resulting in increased levels of thyroxine may affect the rate of metabolism to be 50-100% higher than normal.
5. Sex Hormone
Male sex hormones can increase the basal metabolic rate is approximately 10-15% of normal speed, causing an increase in heat production. In women, temperature fluctuations are more varied than in men because of spending on ovulation hormone progesterone increases the body temperature of approximately from 0.3 to 0.6 ° C above the basal temperature.
6. Fever (Inflammation)
The process of inflammation and fever can lead to increased metabolism by 120% for each 10 ° C increase in temperature.
7. Nutritional Status
Malnutrition in a long time can reduce the metabolic rate of 20-30%. This happens because in the cell no nutrients needed to hold metabolism. Thus, people who are malnourished easy decreased body temperature (hypothermia). In addition, individuals with a thick layer of fat tend to be susceptible to hypothermia because fat is an insulator which is quite good, in the sense of channeling hot fat with a third speed network speed to another.
8. Activity
Activity in addition to stimulating an increase in metabolic rate, resulting in friction between the components of the muscle / organ that produces thermal energy. Exercise (activity) can increase the body temperature up to 38.3 to 40.0 ° C.
9. Disorders Organ
Organ damage such as trauma or malignancy in the hypothalamus, can cause body temperature regulation mechanism disorder. Pyrogen substances released during an infection can stimulate an increase in body temperature. Skin disorders such as number of sweat glands which can also cause the body's temperature regulation mechanisms disrupted.
10. Environment
The body temperature can have an exchange with the environment, which means that the body heat can be lost or reduced due to the colder environment. Likewise, the environment can affect the human body temperature. Temperature transfer between humans and the environment occurs largely through the skin.
